What's on your mind right now ?

[Vanathi]

And some people claim that time doesnt exist without these objects not naming anyone.. just saying!!

 

[Vanathi]

I was telling this. Because he’s not an Indian, I think he will be believed now.

First point, why would his being a non-indian make any difference?? lol. had you quoted an Indian physicist, I wud have considered your points just the same. my issue was that u were quoting poets to support a scientific theory, which I cudnt accept.

//General relativity describes spacetime as a continuous fabric whether a matter occupies it or not. Time may not be relevant in the conventional sense, but it doesnt mean that it doesnt exist. It would still be existent without any observable events imo.//

this is what i said. i didnt discuss anything before big bang at all coz it has no meaning. spacetime concept comes only after the bigbang. I have clearly said that spacetime exists whether any matter occupies it or not. time may not be relevant in conventional sense, but it exists as an intrinsic part of the universe. When matter occupies spacetime, time gets some meaning and measurable as we know it.

 

[Nilaa]

Enaku elam stranger things la vara kuty school kids pesra compass direction kuda puriyala. Again rewind senju pathen ninka elam legends pola.

 

[Vanathi]

Enaku elam stranger things la vara kuty school kids pesra compass direction kuda puriyala. Again rewind senju pathen ninka elam legends pola.

naanga time travel thaan pannittu irukkom.. neenga next level poi dimension travel pannureenga. so, neenga thaan legend

 

[Vanathi]

You mean someone born after 1800s, who got a certificate in any of these universities and who can tell his findings in English prose?

I mean someone who can substantiate the theory with proper backing in physics. without evidence, anything can be claimed.

 

[happylife]

In India, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) can open special types of bank accounts to manage their finances while living abroad.

The three main types of accounts are NRI Accounts, NRE Accounts, and NRO Accounts. Here's what each one means:

1. NRI Account:​

• An NRI account is a general term used to refer to any account opened by a Non-Resident Indian to manage their income, savings, and investments while living outside India.
• These accounts can be further categorized into two main types: NRE (Non-Resident External) and NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) accounts.

2. NRE Account (Non-Resident External Account):​

• Purpose: This account is specifically for NRIs to park their foreign income (i.e., income earned outside India) in India.
• Currency: It is maintained in Indian Rupees (INR), but the funds can be transferred from any foreign currency account to this account.
• Taxation: The interest earned on an NRE account is tax-free in India.
• Repatriability: Funds in an NRE account are fully repatriable, meaning they can be freely transferred back to the foreign country (the NRI’s country of residence) without restrictions.
• Joint Holding: This account can only be held jointly with another NRI.
• Deposits & Withdrawals: You can deposit funds in foreign currency, and withdrawals are made in Indian Rupees.

3. NRO Account (Non-Resident Ordinary Account):​

• Purpose: This account is for managing income earned in India, such as rent, dividends, pensions, or business income.
• Currency: It is also maintained in Indian Rupees (INR), but you can deposit funds in both foreign currency and Indian Rupees.
• Taxation: The interest earned on an NRO account is subject to tax in India, and a TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) is applicable on the interest income.
• Repatriability: The principal amount in an NRO account is non-repatriable (cannot be transferred abroad without restrictions). However, you can repatriate the interest earned, subject to certain limits.
• Joint Holding: An NRO account can be held jointly with either an NRI or a resident Indian.

Key Differences Between NRE and NRO Accounts:​

Feature	NRE Account	NRO Account
Source of Funds	Income earned outside India	Income earned in India (rent, pension, dividends, etc.)
Taxation	Tax-free in India	Taxable in India
Repatriability	Fully repatriable	Limited repatriability
Currency	Maintained in INR, but funded by foreign currency	Maintained in INR, funded by foreign or Indian currency
Joint Holding	Only with other NRIs	Can be jointly held with a resident Indian
Interest	Tax-free interest	Taxable interest (TDS applicable)

Summary:​

• NRE Account: Best for parking income earned abroad, tax-free interest, fully repatriable funds.
• NRO Account: For managing income earned in India, taxable interest, limited repatriability.

NRIs can have both NRE and NRO accounts simultaneously, depending on their needs for managing foreign and Indian income.

 

[happylife]

Fears for NASA's stranded astronauts after new twist

The wave of concern has swept social media, even though Starship is an entirely different spacecraft than the one that will bring Williams and Wilmore home this month. 'Elon Musk's SpaceX with another Starship explosion! FAA has to halt flights. This is the guy that wants to bring home the stranded astronauts...' one X user posted. Another user posted: 'Let this Starship mission not be an omen to the Spacex mission to save the astronauts stranded in the ISS.'

While one user urged Musk to 'quit before [he] hurts someone.' However, experts told DailyMail.com that the Starship explosion is no reason to believe that Crew-9 Dragon capsule, which will carry the stranded astronauts home, will malfunction. But Mike Pravica, a physics professor at the University of Nevada , expressed concerns that private spaceflight companies are 'biting off much more than they can chew when it comes to something as complex and technical as space travel.'

As Elon Musk and Donald Trump appear to be defunding scientific research in America as well as higher education in science and technology, I am deeply worried about the future of space travel in the US,' he said. 'Particularly when it is being led by businessmen instead of scientists and engineers.' Following last night's launch, Starship spiraled out of control 10 minutes into the mission and blew up into millions of pieces, sparking flight diversions and air traffic chaos as debris fell from the sky. 'Hope that doesn't happen to the two stranded astronauts,' another user shared in reference to a video that showed Starship disintegrating over the Caribbean. Other Americans called on President Donald Trump and NASA to stop Musk, deeming him a 'lunatic.'

Musk admitted on X that the Starship 'failed' during the flight test, saying: 'But we learned a good amount in building the new ship design and the flight.' The rocket launched at 5.30pm local time from the 'Starbase' in Boca Chica, Texas. The booster 'stuck the landing' as it returned to Earth, slotting straight back into the 'chopsticks' as intended. But just 10 minutes into a journey that was expected to take about an hour, the rocket started spiraling out of control as four of the six engines cut out. 'Hey [POTUS]! You did see that [ Elon Musk 's Starship] rocket blew up — AGAIN! Please don't do our astronauts any of your favors. [NASA] stop this lunatic,' an X user posted shortly after the mission failed.

But Bryan Schmidt, assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Case Western Reserve University, told DailyMail.com: ' I don't believe there's any reason to correlate the failure of Starship to any decreased likelihood in the success of the mission to bring our astronauts back from the ISS.' Schmidt explained that the Dragon capsule's safety and capabilities 'have been proven repeatedly, which is the best sort of guarantee you can get in spaceflight.' 'Going to space is an inherently dangerous activity and there will always be risk involved, but using a proven system and platform is the best way to mitigate risk.'

Williams and Wilmore launched to the ISS on June 5, 2024 for an eight-day stay. But issues plagued their launch capsule, Boeing's Starliner, before and after it docked on the orbiting lab. After months of deliberation, NASA called the capsule back to Earth without the crew. Musk recently said he offered to bring them home six months ago, but the Biden Administration refused because it would've made Trump 'look good' during the 2024 presidential race. In late January, President Trump said he told Musk to 'go get' Williams and Wilmore, who had been 'virtually abandoned' by the Biden administration.

At that time, SpaceX was already tasked with bringing the Starliner crew home. But just two weeks after Trump's statement, NASA made adjustments to allow Williams, Wilmore and the Crew-9 astronauts to depart from the ISS two weeks earlier than planned. Although Thursday's Starship explosion isn't a good look for SpaceX, there isn't any real evidence to suggest the Crew-9 Dragon capsule will malfunction . Both Trump and Musk have expressed confidence in SpaceX's ability to bring the Starliner astronauts back to Earth safely.

During a recent appearance on Joe Rogan's podcast, the Joe Rogan Experience, Musk said that only a SpaceX spacecraft can bring the astronauts back to Earth. 'There isn't anyone else who can do it,' he told Rogan. 'The SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is the only one that is considered safe enough to bring them back.' SpaceX's Dragon capsules have successfully carried nine astronaut crews to and from the ISS.

When Crew-8 returned from the ISS in October of last year, one astronaut was hospitalized overnight due to an undisclosed medical issue, but it's unclear whether this issue was related to the return flight. Aside from this incident, no astronauts have been harmed during Crew Dragon ISS missions to date.

 

[happylife]

1. Suspense Accounts​

A Suspense Account is a temporary account used in accounting when there is uncertainty or discrepancy in the accounting entries that cannot be immediately resolved. It's used to record transactions when the correct account or amount is unclear, and it allows the accounting process to continue without delay while the issue is investigated and corrected.
Nature of Suspense Account:

• Temporary Account: It is a temporary holding account used to resolve uncertainties.
• Uncertainty: It holds transactions until the proper account or amount is determined.
• Balance: Can either have a debit or credit balance, depending on the nature of the discrepancy.
• Cleared Over Time: Once the error or uncertainty is resolved, the suspense account is cleared by transferring the balance to the correct account.

Example:​

If a company receives a payment but is unsure which customer made the payment, it might initially record it in a suspense account. Once the customer is identified, the amount will be transferred to the correct customer account.

2. Provision Accounts​

A Provision Account is a type of liability account created by a company to set aside funds for future expenses or liabilities that are expected to arise but are uncertain in terms of timing or amount. Provisions are used to comply with the matching principle in accounting, where expenses are recognized in the period in which they are incurred, regardless of when the actual payment is made.
Nature of Provision Account:

• Liability: Provision accounts are generally liability accounts. They represent an estimate of future expenses or losses.
• Accrued Expenses: Provision accounts are created for anticipated expenses like bad debts, warranty costs, or tax liabilities.
• Non-Cash: Provisions don't involve an immediate outflow of cash but represent expected future cash outflows.
• Permanent Account: Unlike suspense accounts, provision accounts are usually permanent, carrying balances forward year after year.

Examples:​

• Provision for Bad Debts: A company may create a provision for bad debts if it expects that some of its accounts receivable will not be collected.
• Provision for Warranty: A company may create a provision for warranty costs if it expects to incur costs related to product repairs or replacements.

Key Differences:​

Aspect	Suspense Account	Provision Account
Purpose	Used to temporarily hold uncertain transactions	Used to set aside funds for expected future liabilities or expenses
Nature	Temporary and used to clear discrepancies	Liability account for estimated future expenses or losses
Balance	Can have a debit or credit balance	Generally carries a credit balance, reflecting the amount set aside for future expenses
Cleared	Cleared once the correct account is identified	Provisions are adjusted over time based on actual outcomes

In summary, suspense accounts are for temporary discrepancies, while provision accounts are for anticipated future expenses or liabilities.

 

[happylife]

Quantum entanglement sensors could test quantum gravity .

Ask almost any physicist what the most frustrating problem is in modern-day physics, and they will likely say the discrepancy between general relativity and quantum mechanics. That discrepancy has been a thorn in the side of the physics community for decades.

While there has been some progress on potential theories that could rectify the two, there has been scant experimental evidence to support those theories. That is where Selim Shahriar from Northwestern University, Evanston, comes in. He plans to work on a concept called the Space-borne Ultra-Precise Measurement of the Equivalent Principle Signature of Quantum Gravity (SUPREME-GQ), which he hopes will help collect some accurate experimental data on the subject once and for all.


To put it bluntly, the experiment is complicated. At its heart, it uses a space-based platform carrying a quantum-entangled sensor and some precise positioning systems. But understanding why it is useful to test quantum gravity first requires some explanation. Let's first look at one of the most famous tenets of General Relativity—the Equivalence Principle.

The Equivalence Principle states that gravity and acceleration are the same. It is at the core of General Relativity, which treats gravity as a curve in spacetime rather than a fundamental force. But plenty of quantum gravity theories predict a deviation from this equivalence on minute scales—where quantum mechanics starts to take over.

To describe that deviation, physicists use a term known as the Eötvös parameter. It explains how closely gravitational mass and inertial mass are related. In General Relativity, at least, they should be the same. However, as things get closer to the realm of quantum mechanics, some theories that claim to offer a theory of quantum gravity start to see a divergence between the two, which is represented as a non-zero value for the Eötvös parameter.


So far, this parameter's value has been tested down to about 10-15 by the MICROSCOPE experiment, which was specially designed to test this theory. The researchers leading that project published a report back in 2022, and it remains our most accurate measurement of the Eötvös parameter to this day.

However, MICROSCOPE used traditional accelerometers, which—while they provided an estimate of more than 100 times what could be obtained on Earth—were not accurate enough to measure down to the 10-18 level, where theories such as string theory predict there might be a deviation in the parameter.

Enter Dr. Shahriar and his team. Their goal is to develop a space-based platform that uses atom interferometers to constrain the parameter value down to 10-20, at which point it could potentially prove or disprove some theories of quantum gravity. But to get there, they need to do a lot of groundwork first.

One step in the process is to understand how quantum entanglement could be utilized in these atom interferometers (AIs). AIs work by using atoms' dual nature (which has a similar wave/particle duality to light) and splitting a beam of atoms onto separate paths using lasers. In the case of Dr. Shahriar's experiment, these would be rubidium atoms. After they are split, if they are not observed, they enter into a state equivalent to the famous Schrödinger's cat experiment of quantum mechanics.

However, creating such a quantum mechanical state has never been done before, which is the next step in Dr. Shahriar's development work. His team has developed the "generalized echo squeezing protocol," which theoretically allows them to maintain the quantum entangled state for long periods. Doing so would allow for precise measurements of discrepancies between the two states when they are eventually recombined, and those discrepancies could lead to a highly accurate measure of the Eötvös parameter.

The underlying technology, which the team called a "Schrödinger's Cat Atom Interferometer" (SCAI) in a recent press release, could also be used for applications back on Earth. If possible, using their theoretical implementation, these sensors would be thousands of times more accurate than typical accelerometers or gyroscopes, which are already used in various applications like guidance and navigation systems and automotive.

There is still much work to be done, even to prove that the theoretical implementation of this technology is possible in the real world. Once people start operating with quantum uncertainties, things tend to get tricky, not just for theoretical cats. But, if Dr. Shahriar and his team do make a functional space-borne SCAI, we will finally be a few steps closer to truly reconciling one of the biggest problems in modern physics.

 

[happylife]

Our Galaxy Appears To Be Part Of Structure So Large It Challenges Our Models Of Cosmology .

Astronomers have found that our galaxy, the Milky Way, may be a tiny part of an even larger local structure than we thought. The research, if confirmed by further observations and studies, may be evidence that we haven't quite nailed down our model of the evolution of the universe.

As we study the universe more, we have found ourselves to be part of much larger structures, formed by gravitational interactions. We orbit the Sun, the Sun is part of the Milky Way, and the Milky Way is part of the Local Group, which includes several small galaxies as well as Andromeda, of "it may collide with us" fame.

But it doesn't stop there. The Local Group is on the outer edge of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself part of a giant basin known as Laniakea. According to the new study, Laniakea too resides within a larger "basin of attraction" (BoA) potentially 10 times its volume.

"The entire Universe can be considered a patchwork of abutting BoA, just as the terrestrial landscape is separated into watersheds," the team explains in their paper. "A BoA is generally not gravitationally bound because the relative motion of distant points within it is usually dominated by cosmic expansion."


The basins of attraction are enormous structures, so much so that gravity is not the dominant force, but there is nevertheless evidence of common flow. The team looked at the motions of 56,000 galaxies, and attempted to make a "probabilistic map" of the local universe, given errors that occur when attempting to measure the velocity and motion of galaxies. In doing so, they hoped to narrow down the possibility of the existence of these basins of attraction.

“Our universe is like a giant web, with galaxies lying along filaments and clustering at nodes where gravitational forces pull them together,” University of Hawai'i at Manoa astronomer R. Brent Tully explained in a statement. “Just as water flows within watersheds, galaxies flow within cosmic basins of attraction. The discovery of these larger basins could fundamentally change our understanding of cosmic structure.”

Running simulations on the data, they found that the BoA encompassed many gigantic structures, including the mysterious Great Attractor.

"Nearby, evidence emerges for a BoA centred in proximity to the highly obscured Ophiuchus cluster that lies behind the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy," the team explained. "This BoA may include the so-called Great Attractor region and the entity Laniakea, including ourselves. In the extension [...] the Sloan Great Wall and the associated structure are overwhelmingly dominant."

Creating such maps of the universe is a messy business, tracking the movement of galaxies and their effect on each other in order to model these cosmic "currents" and flows. As such, there is a lot of uncertainty. According to the team's simulations, there is a 60 percent chance that our own Milky Way is in fact not in Laniakea, but in the Shapley concentration.
As well as being nice to really nail down our home address, the study could have much larger implications for our models of the universe, if the same structure continues to be found with further observation and analysis. Simply put, structures of gargantuan size challenge our understanding of the cosmos.

Given what we see in the cosmic microwave background, the first light we can detect after the inflation of the universe, structures can only grow so large within our current models. Yet this, and other similar discoveries, appear to be larger than our current models predict. For now, the team plans to continue mapping the largest structures in the cosmos.

"It is perhaps unsurprising that the further into the cosmos we look, we find that our home supercluster is more connected and more extensive than we thought," Noam Libeskind, astronomer at the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, said in a separate statement. "Discovering that there is a good chance that we are part of a much larger structure is exciting. At the moment it’s just a hint: more observations will have to be made to confirm the size of our home supercluster."

 

[Vanathi]

Our Galaxy Appears To Be Part Of Structure So Large It Challenges Our Models Of Cosmology .

Astronomers have found that our galaxy, the Milky Way, may be a tiny part of an even larger local structure than we thought. The research, if confirmed by further observations and studies, may be evidence that we haven't quite nailed down our model of the evolution of the universe.

As we study the universe more, we have found ourselves to be part of much larger structures, formed by gravitational interactions. We orbit the Sun, the Sun is part of the Milky Way, and the Milky Way is part of the Local Group, which includes several small galaxies as well as Andromeda, of "it may collide with us" fame.

But it doesn't stop there. The Local Group is on the outer edge of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself part of a giant basin known as Laniakea. According to the new study, Laniakea too resides within a larger "basin of attraction" (BoA) potentially 10 times its volume.

"The entire Universe can be considered a patchwork of abutting BoA, just as the terrestrial landscape is separated into watersheds," the team explains in their paper. "A BoA is generally not gravitationally bound because the relative motion of distant points within it is usually dominated by cosmic expansion."


The basins of attraction are enormous structures, so much so that gravity is not the dominant force, but there is nevertheless evidence of common flow. The team looked at the motions of 56,000 galaxies, and attempted to make a "probabilistic map" of the local universe, given errors that occur when attempting to measure the velocity and motion of galaxies. In doing so, they hoped to narrow down the possibility of the existence of these basins of attraction.

“Our universe is like a giant web, with galaxies lying along filaments and clustering at nodes where gravitational forces pull them together,” University of Hawai'i at Manoa astronomer R. Brent Tully explained in a statement. “Just as water flows within watersheds, galaxies flow within cosmic basins of attraction. The discovery of these larger basins could fundamentally change our understanding of cosmic structure.”

Running simulations on the data, they found that the BoA encompassed many gigantic structures, including the mysterious Great Attractor.

"Nearby, evidence emerges for a BoA centred in proximity to the highly obscured Ophiuchus cluster that lies behind the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy," the team explained. "This BoA may include the so-called Great Attractor region and the entity Laniakea, including ourselves. In the extension [...] the Sloan Great Wall and the associated structure are overwhelmingly dominant."

Creating such maps of the universe is a messy business, tracking the movement of galaxies and their effect on each other in order to model these cosmic "currents" and flows. As such, there is a lot of uncertainty. According to the team's simulations, there is a 60 percent chance that our own Milky Way is in fact not in Laniakea, but in the Shapley concentration.
As well as being nice to really nail down our home address, the study could have much larger implications for our models of the universe, if the same structure continues to be found with further observation and analysis. Simply put, structures of gargantuan size challenge our understanding of the cosmos.

Given what we see in the cosmic microwave background, the first light we can detect after the inflation of the universe, structures can only grow so large within our current models. Yet this, and other similar discoveries, appear to be larger than our current models predict. For now, the team plans to continue mapping the largest structures in the cosmos.

"It is perhaps unsurprising that the further into the cosmos we look, we find that our home supercluster is more connected and more extensive than we thought," Noam Libeskind, astronomer at the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, said in a separate statement. "Discovering that there is a good chance that we are part of a much larger structure is exciting. At the moment it’s just a hint: more observations will have to be made to confirm the size of our home supercluster."

If i comment on this, it will again a trigger longer debate.. so silenta poren

 

[happylife]

Scientists Capture the Birth of the Universe with Unprecedented Precision



In a major breakthrough for cosmology, scientists have captured an image that reveals the universe’s earliest moments with remarkable precision. Thanks to advanced telescopes, particularly the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) in Chile, astronomers can now look deeper into the cosmos than ever before, uncovering new insights into the birth and evolution of the universe.

Unveiling the First Moments of the Universe

The exploration of the universe has always captivated humanity, but with recent technological advancements, scientists are now able to make discoveries that were once thought impossible.

The ACT telescope has been a key player in these breakthroughs, capturing incredibly detailed images of the universe’s earliest structures.

These images provide a never-before-seen view of the variations in density within the universe’s primordial state, offering a deeper understanding of its composition and evolution.

The Cosmic Microwave Background: A glimpse into the past

The early universe was a place so hot and dense that light could not travel freely. It wasn’t until approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang that the universe cooled enough for light to escape, leaving behind an imprint known as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).

This faint radiation offers a unique snapshot of the universe at this crucial time, serving as a “fossil” light from the early cosmos. Previous telescopes, such as the NASA Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and the European Space Agency‘s Planck satellite, mapped the CMB with growing precision.

But now, the ACT telescope has taken this effort to the next level, capturing the first-ever detailed images of density fluctuations in the early universe.

Act’s Revolutionary Discoveries

The images captured by theACT telescope revealed unexpected variations in density across the universe’s early stage. Far from being uniform, the universe exhibited regions with varying densities, and these fluctuations played a key role in the formation of cosmic structures.

The denser areas attracted more matter, eventually leading to the creation of vast clouds of hydrogen and helium. Under the force of gravity, these clouds collapsed to form the first stars.

These findings not only support the predictions of the standard model of cosmology, but they also refine our understanding of the universe’s age, which is approximately 13.8 billion years.

However, this discovery also brings to light a major unresolved issue in cosmology—the Hubble tension. This refers to the discrepancy between the different measurements of the universe’s expansion rate, and it continues to stir debates among scientists.

The Quest for Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Perhaps the most profound implications of these discoveries lie in their potential to shed light on dark matter and dark energy, two of the most mysterious components of the universe.

Though invisible to direct observation, dark matter and dark energy make up the majority of the universe’s mass and energy. The fluctuations in the CMB detected by the ACT telescope provide valuable clues that could lead to a deeper understanding of these unseen forces.

As technology continues to improve, scientists hope that future observatories like the Simons Observatory, a next-generation telescope, will provide even more precise measurements and insights into the nature of dark matter and dark energy. These advancements could revolutionize our understanding of the universe’s structure and the forces driving its expansion ...

 

[happylife]

Caracal chaos: wild lynx attacks Israeli soldiers in Naqab desert

A caracal, also known as a desert lynx, was caught last week attacking Israeli soldiers in the Naqab Desert (also Negev), Israel National News reported.

The animal was discovered on Tuesday near Mount Harif, close to an Israeli military base situated along the border between Israel and Egypt.

A Nature and Parks Authority supervisor spotted the caracal and transported it to a wildlife hospital for a medical examination.

In a statement, the authority warned the public against approaching or feeding wild animals, as this can alter their natural behaviour and pose risks to both animals and humans.

The Nature and Parks Authority would like to remind the public that they should not approach or feed wild animals since this can cause a change in their behaviour that is dangerous to both the animals and human beings," the statement said.

Authorities suggested the caracal's unusual behaviour may have been influenced by its proximity to the military base, which could have made it accustomed to human presence, leading it to come close to the soldiers and bite them.

The incident sparked widespread reactions on social media, with some users jokingly referring to the caracal as a "Hamas operative," referencing Israeli claims that many people in Gaza are affiliated with the group.

Many have taken to social media to comment on the incident, jokingly suggesting that the caracal is a member of Hamas, referencing Israeli claims that many people in Gaza are a part of the group.

Others praised the caracal for attacking the Israeli soldiers, citing Israel's onslaught on Gaza which has killed over 61,700 Palestinians and levelled entire neighbourhoods.

This lynx has done more for Palestine than every Muslim government on Earth. All while keeping to its natural diet of 'small animals including rodents’," one person commented.

Some even called for Israel to "free the lynx" after it was captured, using the incident to highlight the thousands of Palestinians detained and taken to unknown locations in Gaza and the occupied West Bank.

Israel has culled six million lynx since the incident,another said.

This is not the first time Israeli soldiers have been attacked by wildlife in recent times.

In May last year, 12 Israeli soldiers were stung by a swarm of wasps after their tank ran over their nest in southern Gaza.

At least 10 of the soldiers were admitted for treatment, and one of them was transferred to the intensive care unit.

Israeli media reported that some of the soldiers had allergic reactions to the stings, and had never dealt with such a mass incident before.

 

[happylife]

12,000-Year-Old Rock Carvings Found in India May Belong to a Lost Civilization

A recent archaeological discovery in the Konkan region of western India has unearthed thousands of ancient petroglyphs that could point to the existence of a long-lost civilization dating back over 12,000 years.

12,000-year-old Carvings Emerge From The Earth

According to Allthatsinteresting, The rock carvings, discovered primarily in the Ratnagiri and Rajapur districts of Maharashtra, were carved into flat hilltops and remained concealed under soil and vegetation until recently. Local explorers Sudhir Risbood and Manoj Marathe, who stumbled upon a few carvings and turned their curiosity into a full-scale mission, have been credited with revealing the full scope of the find.


Over time, aided by school children and villagers, the duo uncovered petroglyphs in 52 villages — only five of which had any prior knowledge of the carvings. In some communities, the images were even revered as sacred symbols.


The Content — And Silence — Of The Carvings

The petroglyphs feature a wide array of figures, including humans, animals, birds, and abstract geometric designs. Remarkably, the engravings show a high level of artistic detail, particularly in the animal representations, suggesting that the creators had a deep understanding of the natural world around them.

Equally significant is what the carvings leave out. According to Tejas Garge, director of the state’s archaeology department, there is a complete absence of agricultural motifs.

“We have not found any pictures of farming activities. But the images depicted hunted animals and there’s detailing of animal forms. So this man knew about animals and sea creatures. That indicates he was dependent on hunting for food.”

Animals From Another Ecosystem

One of the most intriguing aspects of the discovery is the presence of animals not typically associated with the Konkan region. Some carvings appear to depict rhinoceroses and other species not known to have inhabited the area in recent times. This opens up two compelling theories: either these animals did once roam this part of India during a different climatic era, or the carvers themselves had migrated from regions where such fauna were common.

These clues have archaeologists considering the possibility that the petroglyphs were created by a distinct, possibly migratory group with cultural traditions unfamiliar to the known civilizations of ancient India.

A Local Mission Goes National

The scale and significance of the discovery began with the tireless work of two individuals, but quickly grew into a regional movement. As word spread, students began asking elders about carvings near their homes, creating a feedback loop of local memory and scientific exploration.

“People started sending photographs to us, and we even enlisted schools in our efforts to find them. We made students ask their grandparents and other village elders if they knew about any other engravings. This provided us with a lot of valuable information,” said Sudhir Risbood to BBC.

The Future Of The Petroglyph Sites

Now that these petroglyphs have entered the archaeological spotlight, researchers are preparing for more in-depth studies, including carbon dating and digital mapping of the sites. The ultimate goal is to understand not just the age of the carvings, but the identity and migration patterns of the people who made them.

This chapter of history, hidden beneath the soil for thousands of years, is now challenging scholars to reconsider long-held assumptions about early settlement, artistic expression, and mobility in ancient South Asia ...

 

[poonthendral]

12,000-Year-Old Rock Carvings Found in India May Belong to a Lost Civilization

A recent archaeological discovery in the Konkan region of western India has unearthed thousands of ancient petroglyphs that could point to the existence of a long-lost civilization dating back over 12,000 years.

12,000-year-old Carvings Emerge From The Earth

According to Allthatsinteresting, The rock carvings, discovered primarily in the Ratnagiri and Rajapur districts of Maharashtra, were carved into flat hilltops and remained concealed under soil and vegetation until recently. Local explorers Sudhir Risbood and Manoj Marathe, who stumbled upon a few carvings and turned their curiosity into a full-scale mission, have been credited with revealing the full scope of the find.


Over time, aided by school children and villagers, the duo uncovered petroglyphs in 52 villages — only five of which had any prior knowledge of the carvings. In some communities, the images were even revered as sacred symbols.


The Content — And Silence — Of The Carvings

The petroglyphs feature a wide array of figures, including humans, animals, birds, and abstract geometric designs. Remarkably, the engravings show a high level of artistic detail, particularly in the animal representations, suggesting that the creators had a deep understanding of the natural world around them.

Equally significant is what the carvings leave out. According to Tejas Garge, director of the state’s archaeology department, there is a complete absence of agricultural motifs.

“We have not found any pictures of farming activities. But the images depicted hunted animals and there’s detailing of animal forms. So this man knew about animals and sea creatures. That indicates he was dependent on hunting for food.”

Animals From Another Ecosystem

One of the most intriguing aspects of the discovery is the presence of animals not typically associated with the Konkan region. Some carvings appear to depict rhinoceroses and other species not known to have inhabited the area in recent times. This opens up two compelling theories: either these animals did once roam this part of India during a different climatic era, or the carvers themselves had migrated from regions where such fauna were common.

These clues have archaeologists considering the possibility that the petroglyphs were created by a distinct, possibly migratory group with cultural traditions unfamiliar to the known civilizations of ancient India.

A Local Mission Goes National

The scale and significance of the discovery began with the tireless work of two individuals, but quickly grew into a regional movement. As word spread, students began asking elders about carvings near their homes, creating a feedback loop of local memory and scientific exploration.

“People started sending photographs to us, and we even enlisted schools in our efforts to find them. We made students ask their grandparents and other village elders if they knew about any other engravings. This provided us with a lot of valuable information,” said Sudhir Risbood to BBC.

The Future Of The Petroglyph Sites

Now that these petroglyphs have entered the archaeological spotlight, researchers are preparing for more in-depth studies, including carbon dating and digital mapping of the sites. The ultimate goal is to understand not just the age of the carvings, but the identity and migration patterns of the people who made them.

This chapter of history, hidden beneath the soil for thousands of years, is now challenging scholars to reconsider long-held assumptions about early settlement, artistic expression, and mobility in ancient South Asia ...

Wow very interesting

 

[happylife]

Science Finally Clarifies Which Parent Children Inherit Intelligence From


The age-old question about the origins of intelligence has fascinated both scientists and parents for generations. While nature and nurture have long been debated, recent discoveries in genetics seem to tip the scale in a surprising direction. Intelligence, as it turns out, is believed to be passed down not from both parents equally—but primarily from one. And science is starting to explain why.

The theory might sound controversial at first. Yet, the findings are rooted in solid genetic research. The key lies in our chromosomes—the molecular carriers of inherited traits. Although both parents contribute to a child’s genetic makeup, specific traits, such as intelligence, seem to follow a unique pattern. One that strongly favors the maternal side.

Over the past few decades, various scientific studies have gradually revealed that intelligence is more likely to be inherited from the mother. While this might challenge traditional assumptions, the explanation is found deep within the structure of our DNA. It’s not merely about who raises the child or who provides more mental stimulation, but rather, what genetic package is passed along.

In 1984, researchers at the University of Cambridge embarked on a groundbreaking study. Their focus was to uncover the origin of genes tied to intellectual capabilities. What they discovered was both eye-opening and thought-provoking. According to their results, intelligence-related genes tend to be inherited through the maternal line.

This theory gained traction for a number of reasons. First, the genetic structure of women includes two X chromosomes, while men possess just one. Since intelligence-related genes have been identified as residing on the X chromosome, a child receives more cognitive “genetic weight” from the mother. Simply put, there’s a double dose of potential intelligence coming from her side.

But there’s more to it. Scientists have identified what are known as “imprinted genes.” These genes express themselves differently depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father. In certain cases, these genes are active only when passed from a specific parent and are switched off when inherited from the other. This unique behavior in the expression of genes plays a critical role in brain development.

Through careful examination of brain tissue and genetic activity, it was found that maternal genes were far more influential in shaping areas of the brain responsible for thinking, memory, and problem-solving. This was a huge step forward in understanding why intelligence doesn’t always split evenly between both parents.

But chromosomes aren’t the only players. The environment in which a child grows up also plays a massive role in shaping intelligence. However, the bond between mother and child—especially in early years—has been shown to amplify the effects of maternal genetics. Emotional support, warmth, and security from the mother have been linked to improved cognitive skills and greater emotional intelligence in children.

Several researchers have emphasized the importance of early affection in intellectual growth. Children who feel secure and supported are more likely to be curious, confident, and capable of navigating complex problems. Emotional security, largely nurtured by the maternal bond, sets the stage for brain development that’s resilient and adaptive.

Still, genes and emotional warmth only form part of the picture. Numerous external factors influence how intelligence is developed and expressed throughout life. These aspects often work in tandem with inherited traits, shaping how they are activated and utilized.

Let’s take a closer look at the additional variables that influence intelligence beyond genetics:

1. Education Matters—A Lot

It’s impossible to overstate the role that quality education plays in shaping a person’s intellect. Learning environments that promote critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving can strengthen cognitive pathways laid down by genetic inheritance. Exposure to diverse ideas, languages, and experiences within school systems can make a significant difference in intellectual outcomes.

2. Nutrition is Brain Fuel

Good nutrition during formative years is essential for optimal brain development. The absence of vital nutrients can lead to delays in mental growth, poor concentration, and lower academic performance. Proteins, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals are the building blocks that support neural connections and memory.

3. Early Stimulation Builds Brainpower

Children who are exposed to books, puzzles, music, and interactive games at an early age often show advanced language skills and better reasoning abilities. The more a young brain is challenged and engaged, the more neural networks it forms. This is where playtime meets cognitive development.

4. A Supportive Family Environment Boosts Learning

Children thrive in homes where education and curiosity are valued. A nurturing family atmosphere, where exploration and questioning are encouraged, creates a safe space for children to test ideas and grow intellectually. Parents who read with their children, ask open-ended questions, and create opportunities for learning tend to raise more intellectually engaged kids.

5. Social Interaction Enhances Emotional Intelligence

While book smarts are often emphasized, emotional intelligence shouldn’t be overlooked. Friendships, teamwork, and communication play important roles in developing a well-rounded intellect. Empathy, negotiation, and conflict resolution all stem from early social experiences, often within family and peer groups.

6. Access to Tools and Resources Shapes Opportunities

A child’s access to educational tools—like books, the internet, and technology—can either enhance or hinder intellectual growth. Digital literacy and exposure to a broad range of learning materials can stimulate curiosity and sharpen analytical skills. Socioeconomic conditions often determine how easily these resources are available.

7. Mental Health Can’t Be Ignored

A child’s mental and emotional well-being directly affects their ability to concentrate, retain information, and perform cognitively. Environments riddled with stress, anxiety, or trauma tend to inhibit learning. Safe, stable homes with emotional support systems help preserve mental clarity and academic success.

In essence, while genetics—especially maternal ones—may give children a head start, the race isn’t won without the proper conditions. Intelligence is not carved in stone. It evolves, fluctuates, and responds to the world around it. A child’s potential, though partly written in their genes, can be elevated—or stunted—based on how they are nurtured.


This brings us back to the maternal role. It’s not just about chromosomes. A mother’s influence extends into behavior, values, emotional security, and educational support. These contributions often reinforce what the genes have already set in motion.

Interestingly, further research in neuroscience has backed this maternal-inheritance theory through experiments involving animals. When maternal and paternal genes were manipulated, scientists observed that maternal genes concentrated in brain regions tied to learning and memory, while paternal genes were linked to more primal functions like aggression and basic survival.

Even though these findings were not directly replicated in human studies at the same level, they’ve added weight to the hypothesis that a child’s intellectual development is profoundly influenced by their mother’s genetic and emotional contributions.

In conclusion, intelligence cannot be attributed to a single factor. It’s the result of a complex interplay between genes and environment. But based on what science has uncovered, it’s becoming increasingly clear that mothers pass along more than just life—they may also be passing on the very traits that make that life intellectually rich.

So, the next time someone wonders where a child got their smarts, they might want to thank Mom—not just for the bedtime stories and homework help, but perhaps for planting the very seeds of intelligence long before that first word was ever spoken.

 

[Vanathi]

Science Finally Clarifies Which Parent Children Inherit Intelligence From


The age-old question about the origins of intelligence has fascinated both scientists and parents for generations. While nature and nurture have long been debated, recent discoveries in genetics seem to tip the scale in a surprising direction. Intelligence, as it turns out, is believed to be passed down not from both parents equally—but primarily from one. And science is starting to explain why.

The theory might sound controversial at first. Yet, the findings are rooted in solid genetic research. The key lies in our chromosomes—the molecular carriers of inherited traits. Although both parents contribute to a child’s genetic makeup, specific traits, such as intelligence, seem to follow a unique pattern. One that strongly favors the maternal side.

Over the past few decades, various scientific studies have gradually revealed that intelligence is more likely to be inherited from the mother. While this might challenge traditional assumptions, the explanation is found deep within the structure of our DNA. It’s not merely about who raises the child or who provides more mental stimulation, but rather, what genetic package is passed along.

In 1984, researchers at the University of Cambridge embarked on a groundbreaking study. Their focus was to uncover the origin of genes tied to intellectual capabilities. What they discovered was both eye-opening and thought-provoking. According to their results, intelligence-related genes tend to be inherited through the maternal line.

This theory gained traction for a number of reasons. First, the genetic structure of women includes two X chromosomes, while men possess just one. Since intelligence-related genes have been identified as residing on the X chromosome, a child receives more cognitive “genetic weight” from the mother. Simply put, there’s a double dose of potential intelligence coming from her side.

But there’s more to it. Scientists have identified what are known as “imprinted genes.” These genes express themselves differently depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father. In certain cases, these genes are active only when passed from a specific parent and are switched off when inherited from the other. This unique behavior in the expression of genes plays a critical role in brain development.

Through careful examination of brain tissue and genetic activity, it was found that maternal genes were far more influential in shaping areas of the brain responsible for thinking, memory, and problem-solving. This was a huge step forward in understanding why intelligence doesn’t always split evenly between both parents.

But chromosomes aren’t the only players. The environment in which a child grows up also plays a massive role in shaping intelligence. However, the bond between mother and child—especially in early years—has been shown to amplify the effects of maternal genetics. Emotional support, warmth, and security from the mother have been linked to improved cognitive skills and greater emotional intelligence in children.

Several researchers have emphasized the importance of early affection in intellectual growth. Children who feel secure and supported are more likely to be curious, confident, and capable of navigating complex problems. Emotional security, largely nurtured by the maternal bond, sets the stage for brain development that’s resilient and adaptive.

Still, genes and emotional warmth only form part of the picture. Numerous external factors influence how intelligence is developed and expressed throughout life. These aspects often work in tandem with inherited traits, shaping how they are activated and utilized.

Let’s take a closer look at the additional variables that influence intelligence beyond genetics:

1. Education Matters—A Lot

It’s impossible to overstate the role that quality education plays in shaping a person’s intellect. Learning environments that promote critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving can strengthen cognitive pathways laid down by genetic inheritance. Exposure to diverse ideas, languages, and experiences within school systems can make a significant difference in intellectual outcomes.

2. Nutrition is Brain Fuel

Good nutrition during formative years is essential for optimal brain development. The absence of vital nutrients can lead to delays in mental growth, poor concentration, and lower academic performance. Proteins, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals are the building blocks that support neural connections and memory.

3. Early Stimulation Builds Brainpower

Children who are exposed to books, puzzles, music, and interactive games at an early age often show advanced language skills and better reasoning abilities. The more a young brain is challenged and engaged, the more neural networks it forms. This is where playtime meets cognitive development.

4. A Supportive Family Environment Boosts Learning

Children thrive in homes where education and curiosity are valued. A nurturing family atmosphere, where exploration and questioning are encouraged, creates a safe space for children to test ideas and grow intellectually. Parents who read with their children, ask open-ended questions, and create opportunities for learning tend to raise more intellectually engaged kids.

5. Social Interaction Enhances Emotional Intelligence

While book smarts are often emphasized, emotional intelligence shouldn’t be overlooked. Friendships, teamwork, and communication play important roles in developing a well-rounded intellect. Empathy, negotiation, and conflict resolution all stem from early social experiences, often within family and peer groups.

6. Access to Tools and Resources Shapes Opportunities

A child’s access to educational tools—like books, the internet, and technology—can either enhance or hinder intellectual growth. Digital literacy and exposure to a broad range of learning materials can stimulate curiosity and sharpen analytical skills. Socioeconomic conditions often determine how easily these resources are available.

7. Mental Health Can’t Be Ignored

A child’s mental and emotional well-being directly affects their ability to concentrate, retain information, and perform cognitively. Environments riddled with stress, anxiety, or trauma tend to inhibit learning. Safe, stable homes with emotional support systems help preserve mental clarity and academic success.

In essence, while genetics—especially maternal ones—may give children a head start, the race isn’t won without the proper conditions. Intelligence is not carved in stone. It evolves, fluctuates, and responds to the world around it. A child’s potential, though partly written in their genes, can be elevated—or stunted—based on how they are nurtured.


This brings us back to the maternal role. It’s not just about chromosomes. A mother’s influence extends into behavior, values, emotional security, and educational support. These contributions often reinforce what the genes have already set in motion.

Interestingly, further research in neuroscience has backed this maternal-inheritance theory through experiments involving animals. When maternal and paternal genes were manipulated, scientists observed that maternal genes concentrated in brain regions tied to learning and memory, while paternal genes were linked to more primal functions like aggression and basic survival.

Even though these findings were not directly replicated in human studies at the same level, they’ve added weight to the hypothesis that a child’s intellectual development is profoundly influenced by their mother’s genetic and emotional contributions.

In conclusion, intelligence cannot be attributed to a single factor. It’s the result of a complex interplay between genes and environment. But based on what science has uncovered, it’s becoming increasingly clear that mothers pass along more than just life—they may also be passing on the very traits that make that life intellectually rich.

So, the next time someone wonders where a child got their smarts, they might want to thank Mom—not just for the bedtime stories and homework help, but perhaps for planting the very seeds of intelligence long before that first word was ever spoken.

So, my son will get my intelligence? Poor guy

 

[happylife]

Who would’ve thought that Socrates — the great philosopher known for his wisdom, calmness, and profound words — lived with a woman who constantly tested his patience?

His wife was infamous for her sharp tongue, dominant presence, and relentless temper.

Every morning, she pushed him out of the house at sunrise, and he only returned when the sun was about to set.

Yet, despite her difficult character, Socrates always spoke of her with respect and even gratitude.

He once admitted that he owed a portion of his wisdom to her, because without such daily trials, he would’ve never learned that true wisdom lives in silence, and peace is found in stillness.

One day, while he sat with his students, she began shouting at him as usual — but this time, she poured water over his head.

Unshaken, Socrates simply wiped his face and said calmly, “Well, after thunder, rain was only to be expected.”

Her story ended suddenly. During another of her outbursts, when Socrates, as always, remained calm and silent, her rage overwhelmed her.

She suffered a heart attack and passed away that very night.

While she erupted like a storm, Socrates remained a sea of calm.

Her name faded into history.

His composure became legend.

This isn’t just a story of conflict — it’s a reminder that strength often shows in silence, and that the greatest teachers sometimes come disguised as life’s most difficult people ...

 

[Titanium]

Learning to drive a manual transmission car can be challenging at first, but with practice, it becomes second nature. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

Before You Begin:​

1. Understand the Basics: Familiarize yourself with the layout of the pedals (clutch, brake, and accelerator) and the gear stick.
2. Find an Empty Area: Start in a spacious, flat, and quiet area like an empty parking lot. This reduces distractions and allows you to focus on the controls.

Getting Started:​

1. Clutch Control:
   • Press the clutch pedal fully with your left foot.
   • While keeping the clutch pedal depressed, move the gear lever to neutral (typically the middle position).
2. Starting the Engine:
   • Turn the ignition key to start the engine.
   • Most cars require the clutch to be depressed to start, but check your car's specific requirements.

Engaging First Gear:​

1. Foot Placement:
   • Keep your left foot on the clutch pedal.
   • Place your right foot on the brake pedal.
2. Prepare to Move:
   • Slowly release the parking brake (if engaged).
   • Gradually release the brake pedal while maintaining the clutch fully depressed.
3. Engage First Gear:
   • Move the gear lever into first gear position (usually left and forward).
   • Slowly begin to release the clutch pedal while simultaneously giving a little gas with your right foot.
4. Finding the Bite Point:
   • As you release the clutch, you'll feel a point where the engine begins to engage with the transmission (the "bite point").
   • Pause at this point and maintain a steady pressure on the accelerator pedal to prevent stalling.

Moving and Shifting Gears:​

1. Accelerate and Shift:
   • Once moving, continue to gradually release the clutch while increasing pressure on the accelerator.
   • To shift gears, lift off the accelerator, fully depress the clutch, move the gear lever to the next gear, and smoothly release the clutch while applying gas.
2. Downshifting:
   • For slowing down or stopping, depress the clutch, shift to a lower gear (matching engine speed to road speed), and release the clutch smoothly.

Tips for Practice:​

• Be Patient: Learning takes time, so don't get frustrated if it doesn't click right away.
• Practice Smooth Movements: Smoothness is key to mastering manual transmission. Aim for gradual clutch release and gentle shifts.
• Listen to the Engine: The engine's sound helps indicate when to shift gears.
• Hill Starts: Practice on flat ground first, then gradually introduce gentle slopes for hill starts.

Safety Precautions:​

• Always keep both hands on the steering wheel and focus on the road.
• Use the parking brake when parked to prevent the car from rolling.

By following these steps and practicing consistently, you'll gain confidence in driving a manual transmission car. Each car can feel slightly different, so adjust to your specific vehicle as you learn.

Everything seems fine but the safety before u accelerate u need to look at the mirrors, first both side mirrors and the back and then move the car slowly. Very very important for beginners. And while driving u got to keep looking at all the mirrors every few seconds to ensure u don't bump into ppl or other vehicles.

 

[Titanium]

Exercising when overweight: moderation is key

The battle of the bulge rages on in the United States, with more people than ever falling victim to it. According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 35 percent of U.S. adults are obese, and more than 34 percent are overweight. Aside from dieting, the only other proven way of getting in shape is through adding regular exercise.

“Overweight people have a higher risk of many health complications, including heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension, and that’s why dropping that excess weight by eating less and moving more is so important,” says Dr. Heng Chao Terry Wei, a ColumbiaDoctors internist. “But for people carrying excess weight, there are certain precautions they should take before embarking on an exercise regime — particularly when the weather is hot.”

Before you begin any exercise regime, visit your health care provider to assess if you are healthy enough to start a regular fitness routine and which exercises are best for you. “Obese individuals weigh more, and therefore should avoid moves that put stress on their ankles, hips, knees, and lower back if they wish to avoid injuries,” says Dr. Wei.

The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that overweight individuals gradually build to a workout of up to 250 minutes of weekly moderate-intensity exercise to increase weight loss. This can take any form, for instance, five 50-minute workouts per week or seven 37-minute workouts a week.


Weight-friendly workouts

Walking

Walking is the ideal low-impact exercise. The only requirement is comfortable shoes, preferably sneakers and can be done almost everywhere, and improves lower body strength and mobility. “However, walking isn't for everyone,” warns Dr. Wei, “If you experience knee, back, or hip pain, talk to your healthcare provider. You may be able to work with a physical therapist or exercise professional to address the issue or come up with a better routine for fitness.” Consistency is key when starting a walking program. Set weekly goals, vary your routine and gradually add distance, intensity and speed to make the workout more effective.


Swimming

Swimming is perhaps the best cardio, pulmonary and skeletal exercise a person can do. It offers a total body workout that’s easy on the joints, and it increases core strength and balance while burning fat and calories. Says Dr. Wei, “For people with weight problems, swimming offers the added benefit of staying cool in the water, so they are able to workout longer than they could in other environments.” In addition to swimming, specialized water-based exercises, such as water-jogging and water-aerobics are excellent ways to burn calories for weight loss.



Cycling

Biking is an efficient form of burning calories while putting less stress on your joints. A recumbent bike is good for people who have back pain, joint problems, or simply need more support. There are also recumbent cross trainers on the market, which offer more variety if you get bored pedaling. The machine is similar to a stepper and works both the upper and lower body with less stress on the joints. Then there’s the portable peddler, small, lightweight devices that let you pedal while seated at your desk or in a comfortable chair. “With this and with all exercises, the key is to start slowly and make consistency your goal,” advises Dr. Wei. “Try to pedal for five minutes, then rest. Pedal again for five minutes, then rest again. Gradually increase the duration of your pedaling interval and decrease the rest interval. Get off the bike as needed to stretch your joints and relax out of the saddle.”



Strength Training

The best way to burn fat is to build muscle at the same time, and that requires strength exercises such as lifting light weights, and resistance exercises such as chest and leg presses, leg curls and lateral pulldowns. Once the original exercises start feeling too easy, start increasing the number of reps or the weight you lift. “Another benefit to strength training is that it can correct postural issues that may arise from carrying extra weight,” says Dr. Wei. “It can also increase the range of motion in the joints. Finally, when you build muscle, you boost your metabolism when your body is at rest, which means more calories are being burned for longer periods.”



Exercise is a powerful tool, one that can help you lose weight, improve body function, and boost mood and confidence. But Dr. Wei adds a cautionary note about exercising in summertime: “Be sure to take certain precautions — drink six to eight glasses of water a day for proper hydration, limit your sun exposure, and apply sunscreen.”

Bone density is important to health. Without strong bones we would not be able to stand, walk, run or do anything for that matter, we wud start to wobble like jellies. And we lose bone density drastically over time.
There is one particular simple excercise that could improve your bone density very much.
Jump up and down, instead of soft landing on your toes land on flat foot 10 times a day. This experiment was done by scientists and tested on ppl aged from 60-80 years old and have seen 40% of improvement in their bone density.
It's a very very simple and effective excercise and advice ur loved ones to start doing right away, doesn't matter what age they are! Just start!